Facing a hearing at the
Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB) can feel overwhelming for tenants. Whether your landlord has applied for eviction, claims unpaid rent, or alleges other issues, it’s important to remember that you
have rights under the Residential Tenancies Act (RTA) — and you are entitled to defend yourself.
Here’s a step-by-step guide on how Ontario tenants can prepare and present their case at the LTB.
1. Understand the Notice You Received
Before a landlord can file an application with the LTB, they must serve you with a written notice. The type of notice (N4, N5, N6, N8, N12, etc.) tells you why your landlord is trying to end your tenancy.
- N4: Non-payment of rent.
- N5: Disturbances, property damage, or overcrowding.
- N12: Landlord or family moving in.
Carefully review the notice and check if it was filled out correctly — mistakes can weaken your landlord’s case.
2. Know Your Rights
As a tenant, you have protections under the RTA.
For example:
- You cannot be evicted without an LTB order.
- Your landlord cannot lock you out or shut off utilities.
- You have the right to dispute claims and present your side of the story.
Understanding these rights ensures you don’t accept unfair treatment or unlawful eviction.
3. Gather Evidence
Your defence is strongest when supported by evidence.
Bring any documents that help prove your case, such as:
- Rent receipts or e-transfers showing payments made.
- Photos of the rental unit’s condition.
- Copies of emails, texts, or letters between you and your landlord.
- Witness statements from neighbours or other tenants.
The more evidence you provide, the more credibility your defence will carry.
4. Prepare Your Arguments
Think through your defence in advance.
Common defences include:
- Payment made: You paid rent but the landlord failed to record it.
- Repairs needed: Property damage was due to poor maintenance, not tenant fault.
- Bad faith eviction: Landlord served an N12 notice but doesn’t actually intend to move in.
Practice explaining your side clearly and calmly.
5. Attend the Hearing and Speak Up
If you don’t attend the hearing, the LTB can make a decision without hearing your side.
- Always log in (for virtual hearings) or attend in person.
- Be respectful and professional.
- Present your evidence in an organized way.
- Take notes during the hearing in case you need to appeal.
6. Consider Legal or Paralegal Support
While tenants can represent themselves, having a licensed paralegal can make a big difference. They know the procedures, the rules of evidence, and how to argue effectively.
In many cases, professional representation can mean the difference between keeping or losing your home.
Final Thoughts
The LTB is designed to balance the rights of both landlords and tenants. If you are facing a hearing,
don’t panic — prepare. By understanding your notice, knowing your rights, gathering evidence, and presenting your case, you can defend yourself effectively.
And remember,
professional paralegal support is always available to guide you through the process.
